Human, Social, And Moral Development - 1669 Words

The most effective prevention programs take a lifespan approach and consider developmental knowledge and theories throughout planning, activity selection, and implementation. While prevention and intervention efforts are important during all stages of life, they are especially important during childhood and adolescence, when risk factors may be more easily avoided and protective factors can be established that may last a lifetime (Cohen, ChaÃŒ vez, Chehimi, 2007). Brain, human, social, and moral development are critical to prevention program design and implementation. Developmental knowledge helps prevention professionals predict behavior and facilitate preemptive skill-building that is necessary for avoiding and managing risky†¦show more content†¦The brain begins developing in the first few weeks after conception and continues to grow into early adulthood. Alcohol and drug use during pregnancy can impair the brain development of a fetus, producing central nervous sys tem problems, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and behavioral issues (Bloom, Beal, Kupfer, 2003). After birth, the brain continues to grow. Existing neurons increase in size, become stronger, and make numerous connections with each other. These changes increase a child’s ability to process information in their environment. Auditory processing, vision, and language comprehension and acquisition occur during a child’s first 6 years. Physical coordination, motivation, and sexual development also progress during childhood. Exposing children to constructive physical, mental, and emotional conditions is critical for appropriate brain development. Conversely, alcohol and drug use during the childhood years can severely impair the development of sensory processes, coordination, and motivation (Bloom, Beal, Kupfer, 2003). During adolescence, brain changes focus on working memory, higher level cognition, and emotions. These changes combine with hormonal surg es to impact judgment, impulsivity, coping skills, and sensation-seeking, increasing the chances for

Chapter 1 Systems Analysis and Design Thesis (Resort)

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE INTRODUCTION A resort is like a small community composed of buildings and facilities located in a scenic area that provides lodging, entertainment, and a relaxing environment for people on vacation. Basic accommodations offered by resorts nowadays are swimming pools, cottage and room rentals, and restaurants. The resort business is becoming popular nowadays due to the growing demand of people for a convenient one-stop-place of leisure and comfort. The resort is a business in which they offer enjoyable moments to visitors to make them feel that something worth noticing happens. Vacationers enjoy significant moments and the charm they feel also rewards the organization with genuine†¦show more content†¦This led to resort facilities being built to accommodate a guest better than your average inn. Hotel Baur au Lac, built in Zurich, was the first resort to utilize the value of a scenic view. At first, Switzerland resorts were seen as summer places, but soon skiing became popular as well as g ambling. North America: Spas Like Europe, North American hotels were developed around spas in the late 1800s. The first resorts were built first in the east in Virginia, New York and West Virginia. Shortly after, seaside resorts became popular. It was not until later that beach resorts were built in the south and mountain-based resorts were developed out west. The first luxury resort was built in 1829 in Boston. It was called the Tremont House and featured bellboys, gaslights instead of candles and marble and private rooms with locks for each family. The first ‘big’ hotel was built by Gideon Putman in Saratoga Springs, New York centered on the hot sulfur spa there. http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Osterer/history.html Water-based Resorts While mountain-based and golf and tennis-based resorts are geared toward people that are relatively athletic, water-based resorts target people with all abilities. One can relax on a beach for hours without lifting a finger. Another could swim or jet ski until they are exhausted. Water-based resorts serve different abilityShow MoreRelatedLan-Based Reservation System for Hacienda Gracia Resort and Hotel11674 Words   |  47 Pages1 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The world is continuously changing towards the advent of a high-technological lifestyle. That is why, man’s satisfaction level gets higher, as it experiences the convenience brought by automation. 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Gilles Helterlin and Nuno Ramalho
Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to all who have contributed to the realization of this Master Thesis. A warm thank to our supervisor, Hà ¥kan Bohman from USBE (Umeà ¥ School of Business), for his guidanceRead MoreNarrative Text10129 Words   |  41 PagesUSING CARTOON MOVIE FOR DEVELOPING NINTH GRADERS’ WRITING SKILL OF NARRATIVE TEXT AT SMPN 1 DASUK A THESIS PROPOSAL Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Of Sarjana Pendidikan in English By †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS SURABAYA STATES UNIVERSITY 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic 1.3 Statements of the Problem The Objectives of the Study The Significant ofRead MoreDesign and Cost of Soil Nailing in Roadways in Malaysia15498 Words   |  62 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Down slope soil erosion usually happens when there is displacement of soil by the agents of wind, water or others. The soil is being washed away and gives the ill-effect to buildings, structures or other livings in the surrounding. Soil nailing which can be categorised as reinforced soil walls can prevent the down slope soil erosion. Soil nailing is one of slope stabilisation techniques in soil by installing â€Å"nails† into a slope or excavation as constructionRead MoreThesis on Print Media16077 Words   |  65 PagesPRINT MEDIA IMPACT ON STATE LEGISLATIVE POLICY AGENDAS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Mass Communication in The Manship School of Mass Communication By Abby Kral B.A., University of South Florida, 1996 May, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................Read MoreWater Billing System2544 Words   |  11 PagesCHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction 21stcentury was strike with modern technologies and as time passed by or as days rolled by it was being develop through enormous effort of many individuals involve in a digital world. One of the great contributions of Information Technology is the invention of Personal Computer. Computer is an electronic programmable device that can store, retrieve and process data into useful information. Computer is very vital nowadays not only in the world

Hate Crime Prevention Act Essay Example For Students

Hate Crime Prevention Act Essay The Hate Crimes Prevention Act Will Not Prevent Hate Crimes I am not anti-gay, nor am I opposed to gay rights. I believe that same sex couples should be allowed to marry and to adopt children. Also, openly homosexual individuals should be eligible for service in the military. Despite this acceptance of peoples homosexuality, I hold that the Hate Crimes Prevention Act is unnecessary in the United States. I understand that gays and lesbians live in fear of being attacked, but who can be sure that new legislation would deter criminals when existing assault and battery laws do not? This bill will only complicate the overburdened legal system, confuse the law, and It is dificult enough for prosecutors to get convictions on criminals. This bill will add the complication of motive to the trials. Instead of simply proving that a person committed a crime, the prosecutors will have to prove that the motive behind the crime was pure hatred of homosexuals. The motive element will place unneeded pressure on the lawyers and keep dangerous criminals on the streets. Another problem with the Act is that it will confuse the law. What, exactly, is a hate crime? Who gets to decide? Is it the victim? The perpetrator? The jury? There are too many possibilities for conflicting judgments. A mugging could be misconstrued as a hate crime and the offender could be sentenced more harshly than if his victim were a heterosexual. I understand that this is protection for the criminal instead of the victim, but criminals have the right to a fair trial and protection from double jeopardy. A person can only be tried once for a crime, unless new evidence can be presented against him (or her). The Act will allow the federal court to try a person, after he has been acquitted by the state court, without having to supply additional evidence. This legislation also calls for tougher sentences to imposed on proven hate crime offenders. This is unfair. I have a lot of troule with someone being treated more leniently for attacking me than they are for attacking a lesbian. Assaulting or killing a homosexual should carry the same consequence as assaulting or killing a heterosexual. I do not believe that gays and lesbians should be singled out and beaten solely because of their sexual preference. Though, if they happened to be attacked then the offender should get the same punishment as if they had attacked a heterosexual. The Hate Crimes Prevention Act will give special protection to homosexuals. Thus, it will violate my right to equal protection under the law. Homosexuals are seeking equal rights in other issues, such as marriage and adoption, so they must accept equal protection from assault. They cannot expect singular rights that ordinary American citizens do not enjoy. Assaulting or murdering a fellow human being is already illegal throughout the United States no matter what the motive behind the crime. This new legislation will do more damage than good by infringing on constitutional rights, confusing the law, and hampering the already overtaxed legal system. Bibliography: .

Spook Country Review Essay Example

Spook Country Review Paper Essay on Spook Country After the Pattern Recognition, which for many fans Gibson has appeared completely not what expected from the Icon of cyberpunk new his novel I opened with some fear whether Gibson really got on track the mainstream and return to the Neuromancer style, which is so I would like, especially after the Pattern Recognition is not? The fears were not unfounded. But while Gibson and hinted in an interview that the Spook Country will be a continuation of Pattern Recognition, the story and characters of these two novels is almost unrelated. The only common character Hubert Bigend, demonic advertiser whose useless pathos, this time illustrated by the Maybach. In Spook Country assigned to him for the role of a flywheel at times smoothly slides with the main story line. The connection of these novels, if I may say so, ideological. The planned pattern recognition policy of the mainstream in the Spook Country finally took shape. In fact, this text is a spy detective, who was involved in the prosecution of the artifact, which was chasing the characters of modern mass culture has at least half a century like. Stroke banal artefact even more banal, but the masters hand hard, and Gibson was able to encrypt this artifact so qualitatively, that he surpassed even Tarantino guess of what exactly chasing the heroes of the novel, it is possible only to a very roundabout We will write a custom essay sample on Spook Country Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spook Country Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spook Country Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heroes Gibson a separate issue, and its the only thing he has not changed me in any Pattern Recognition, nor in Spook Country. As usual, all the actors full and complete freaks, not in the sense of their inner world, or physical disability, but in the sense of belonging to the extremely marginalized social groups. Cuban mafia in the service of the former tsereushnika addict, specializing in Volapà ¼k, special agent of an unnamed special services, former members of the cult rock band, and a girl, last leader of the group, and in this the main hunter artifact mentioned above these allow images with a high degree of confidence to classify Spook Country to fiction. This heritage Sprawl, and this is what is best to cope Gibson. Especially well he succeed the protagonists, and Hollis Henry from Spook Country is no exception. Genotype is clearly visible and smells samopovtor: Marley Krushkova of zero score Cayce Pollard Recognition Hollis Henry. But, of course, is not samopovtor and just Gibsons ideal hero, which again turned out he has a very attractive, with a minimum of means, such as allusions to the legendary past and scenes with enthusiastic in learning from former fans. The miracle of a main character in the fact that she seemed to distance themselves from the reality of the novel, and acts more on a whim, moving as if in illogical quest from an implicit hint to another, resulting in consistently find themselves in the right place at the right time. in general, moving away from the idea of ​​cyberpunk, Gibson did not move from its intoxicating style, and apart from a strong story and amusing characters in the book there are a lot of interesting things. A lot of allusions to 9/11, of which I was finally clear how significant this event was for America, including in the cultural context. Strangely believable concept of cold civil war (you just think about the meaning of these words, creeps). Very ironic comparison of Canada, where he lives a writer, and the United States, where he was born. A new kind of fine art, Gibson derived by crossing the virtual reality technology, wireless networks and GPS-navigation. Another thing, and this warps fans of cyberpunk, all these notions are not in the form of reality, which the bulk was in the Trilogy of cyberspace and is enough in the Trilogy of the bridge, and in the field, if you will, the crystallization of this . Cyberpunk future anymore. It has become our present. And Gib son, if he were not a great science fiction writer, understood it long before all of us. Therefore, the steel had obtained a book such as Spook Country. mainstream in shape, but still stunningly original in style and mood And the amazing thing usually the writer, not showing the creative growth, or at least creative dynamics, trampling on the novel of the novel in one place makes the reading public strong condemnation. Gibson, it seems to me, starting with the Trilogy of the bridge was forced to listen to endless whining fenskoe on return to roots and true cyberpunk values. Nevertheless, we fans his way, the writer, especially good his own, and started a virtual light Gibson on tarasobulbovskomu principle I gave birth to you, Ill kill you each succeeding his novel drives another nail into kontrliteraturny coffin cyberpunk . Spook Country nail explicitly control, after which the ghosts of the past will never already will not be disturbed nor Gibson, nor we with you Read recommend all but the darkest cyberpunk, fixated on Neuromancer, which, by the way. this year for 24 years.

Societies Sex Roles Essay Essay Example

Societies Sex Roles Essay Essay Example Societies Sex Roles Essay Essay Societies Sex Roles Essay Essay Societies Sex Roles Male dominance is seen all over the world. There have been no recorded cases of a society where women have found equality in their tribes and women are never found doing the most prestigious activities (24). This is especially true in hunter-gatherer societies. Men gain prestige through what they have to offer. They go out on hunts that could last days and leave their wives to take care of the children at home. This may show that the wife is the one who is in power. The idea is just the contrary. When the men arrive back to the town with their bounty, they are greeted with great happiness for what they have brought. They brought what is the key to the â€Å"healthy† society, protein. This can be very hard to acquire and that difficulty lends itself to the prestige that the men find. For the most part, the whole town gets to join in on the feast, and because of this, the person who harvested the animal gets great recognition. With all of this recognition, comes all the power. Although women may find other foods such as fruits and vegetables, these items are rarely shared outside of the family. That is a reason why women also do not gain the same respect as the men do (24). Women typically get left behind in these hunter-gatherer societies. While there are several reasons why, the most important reason is their obligation to have and take care of children. This burden interconnects with most other reasons that can be thought of as to why women stay behind. As soon as women become mature and strong enough to hunt, that means they are also mature and strong enough to have offspring. It is vital that the women take proper care of their children to ensure that the tribe will have future generations. The gathering of other edibles is mostly less intensive work. Seeing that hunting and gathering are not normally left to be taken care of on the same excursion, the men hunt on their trips, and the women stay behind with their children and harvest wild edibles. With the populations of hunter-gatherer societies normally being rather small as well, there must be women left to nurture and breast feed the young children. If women were to go on hunts, the children may not get the proper nutrition needed.

Local Gov essays

Federal Versus State/Local Gov essays Throughout the Civil Rights Movement, the federal and southern state/local government battled each other on many issues. When the federal government set mandates, often times the southern state/local government had much resistance with complying. The southern state/local government opposed the Civil Rights Movement by non-compliance to federal mandates, refusal to provide adequate protection to civil rights protesters and the abuse of civil rights protesters. There were many situations when the state/local government hindered the flow of the Civil Rights Movement. Instances where the local police force did not do their job occurred. The police force was a branch of the local government and the local polices duty was to protect and serve the community. This oath to serve and protect all did not apply to African Americans. During times of protest, either African Americans received much abuse from police officers or the police officers stood around and watched African Americans be beaten. During the freedom rides, the local government fought against the protests while the federal government protected not necessarily the cause but the citizens involved. Mobs of people attacked the Freedom Riders meanwhile the local government did nothing to protect the riders. They actually encouraged the mobs to beat the Freedom Riders by turning the other cheek when it came to stopping the mobs. Not a single police officer was in sight when the rid ers arrived in Montgomery, Alabama. As a result of this lackadaisical attitude to protect the riders, Robert Kennedy had federal marshals sent into Montgomery . Despite the protection in Montgomery, the Freedom Riders had a much different experience when they entered Mississippi. Local police officers arrested and jailed many of the Freedom Riders subsequently ending their freedom ride. This was an example of how local government hindered the Civil Rights Movement. The Freedo...

The History of Blood Gangs in Los Angeles Essay

The History of Blood Gangs in Los Angeles - Essay Example The locals often feel that the immigrants and the minorities are looting their job opportunities and destroying the White dominated American culture and their national identity. In short, both the minorities and the majorities in America are looking suspiciously at each other which resulted in the formation of violent gangs for fighting against the opposite groups. The Bloods are one such African American gang formed in Los Angeles in 1972 mainly to fight against another African American Gang; The Crips. This paper analyses the history of Blood gangs in Los Angeles. As mentioned earlier, The Bloods gang was formed in 1972 Los Angeles, California in 1972 and it is active even now. Even though, it was founded in Los Angeles, currently it is operating across America. Murder, drug trafficking, robbery etc are the major criminal activities of this gang. Even though, Crips was the major enemy group of Bloods, they also fight against other criminal groups such as Folk Nation, Surinos etc. T he formation of Bloods can be attributed to some severe conflicts and differences occurred in the Crips gang about the nature of their attack. Majority of the Crips gang members made no segregation while attacking others whereas some of the Crips members were against the attacking of innocent people. The Crips gang was the prominent violent gang in America before the formation of The Bloods. Crips was formed in the 1960’s for conducting robbery and drug trafficking. In 1972, a group of Crips gang consisting of around 20 members attacked a small group of innocent young men for robbing their wallets and leather jackets. An innocent young man called Robert Ballou was killed in this attack, even though he was not a member of any other gangs. The killing of Robert Ballou has created lot of conflicts in the Crips gang about the objectives of the Gang. Some of the gang members (Piru Street Crisps) argued that killing of innocent people cannot be justified while others argued that no segregation is necessary while conducting their missions. Piru Street Crips with the help of Leuders Park Hustlers and some of the other enemy groups of Crips such as The Brims called a meeting and discussed the strategies to counter the threats of The Crips and the necessities of forming another gang to counter the threats from common enemy; The Crips. The meeting decided to select a new flag in red color for the new gang formed and named the new gang as The Bloods (Bloods Gang Knowledge, n. d, p.1). â€Å"Investigative reports in 1991 placed Crips or Bloods in 32 States and 113 cities† (Walker, 2011). As per the current statistics, no American state is free from the activities of the Blood gang. In different states in America, the Blood gang operates in different sets and names; however, the word, Blood is a part of their gang name everywhere. Some of the Blood sets have members from even female community. The Blood do not have a common or national leader even though diffe rent sets of Blood have regional leadership. The regional leadership or the set leadership is often appointed based on the experience and the severity of the crime committed by the set members. Set members are often referred as soldiers. â€Å"By 1980, there were 30,000 gangs members in Los Angeles County,

Economics goverment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics goverment - Essay Example Indeed, the defendants in the case, Carilion Health System defeated the U.S. Department of Justice by showing that hospital markets have unique characteristics that deviate from the norms of commerce. As such, in 1989, the U.S. Department of Justice failed to prevent the merger between Carilion Health System and another hospital in Roanoke (Eisenstadt, 1989). Hence, the two hospitals merged and continued to operate separately in Roanoke after the 1989 merger. However, in 2006, Carilion consolidated the two hospital boards and transferred most the workers and services to Roanoke Memorial Hospital (RMH). It also sought to buy the services of private physician groups. The CEO of Carilion Health System believed that medical staff could improve the cost and quality of care in Roanoke while operating in a centralized system. Because of the merger, there was no hospital competition in Roanoke. Subject to this, the cost of health care is on an all-time high and the health-insurance rates are very high in Roanoke, Virginia (Carreyrou, 2008). The Hospital Competition and Costs: The Carilion Case (1989) had fundamental legal issues as presented by the U.S Department of Justice (DOJ) and Carilion. The jury sought to litigate the issue related to the effect on competition and the presence of efï ¬ ciencies. Indeed, after the defendants and the DOJ have made their case, the court sought the jury’s advisory on three legal facts. The court sought an advisory on the correctness of the DOJ’s alleged geographic market, the DOJ’s assertion that the relevant product market consisted of only inpatient hospital care, and the consolidation’s likely effect on competition (Eisenstadt, 1989). To this effect, the DOJ had the legal burden of proofing that the proposed merger would lead to adverse competitive effects and would not derive

Institutions of Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Institutions of Globalisation Essay Firstly, the Institutions of Globalisation must be reformed. Unintentionally, globalisation has come to be governed by several key institutions. Best known are the World Trade Organisation, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. If globalisation is to work for everyone, these institutions must be reformed. They must be made to look after all of the worlds countries, not just those they represent. Secondly, there must be an ending to northern double standards. Developed countries preach free trade, but often fail to practice it. Recently, France, one of the key members in the Doha talks, stubbornly refused to open up its markets and allow in Agricultural imports particularly the cheaply produced goods from the Third World. Generally, the EU taxes Third World exports and dumps its subsidised products in developing country markets, destroying local livelihood. When new WTO rules are drawn up, they usually reflect the balance of power within the organisation, therefore benefiting the richer countries. Certain kinds of subsidies are often permitted in the North but banned in the South. Rich countries must help poor countries by promoting economic growth that is equitable and environmentally sustainable; they must help developing countries build effective government systems and promote health and education for their people; and must use new technology to share skills and knowledge with developing countries. Rich countries can work with developing countries to put in place policies that will attract private financial flows and minimise the risk of capital flight. They can fight to strengthen the global financial system, encourage international co-operation on investment, competition and tax that promotes the interests of developing countries, support an open and rules-based international trading system, and work to promote equitable trade rules and an effective voice for developing countries. A vital step is to support continuing reductions in barriers to trade, both in developed and developing countries, and work to improve the capacity of developing countries to take advantage of new trade opportunities. By strengthening developing countries capacity to participate in international negotiations, lesser-developed and emerging economies will have the chance to reap the full benefits of globalisation. Unfair trade sanctions were one of the drivers for the establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), now known as the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Debt relief would be a major factor which could reduce marginalisation. Poor countries are currently paying million of dollars back to rich countries millions which they cannot afford. Debt relief can take the form of cancellation, rescheduling, refinancing or re-organisation of debt. The Debt Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries is a well-known current example. Through Jubilee 2000, many non-government organisations (NGOs) from around the world campaigned for one-off cancellation of the unpayable debts of the worlds poorest countries by the end of 2000. There are particular responsibilities placed on developed countries. It would be pointless to pour millions of pounds worth of trade and aid into poor countries only to then impose trade sanctions and unfair subsidies. All policies, of developing countries, developed countries, international institutions and society, must be consistent with a commitment to sustainable development and reducing poverty. Poor countries need to be given the chance to be heard. Open and effective global institutions are needed where they can fight for their interests on a more equal level. The UK government is committed to help eliminate world poverty, and to co-operate with other governments and international institutions as part of a broader international effort. Three years ago the government published its first White Paper on International Development Targets3, which focused on the reduction of abject poverty4 in the world. The targets, which include a reduction by 50% in the number of people living in extreme poverty by 2015, and progress towards gender equality and empowerment of women by 20055, are supported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the EU, and the OECD, as well as many heads of states. Although the targets are challenging, leaders believe that if the correct national and international policies are implemented, the targets will be achieved. It is pointed out, however, that progress is dependent on national governments in all countries strengthening commitment to reduce poverty to ensure that all countries benefit and that some are not missed out. The UK government believes that the benefits of globalisation for poor countries substantially outweigh the costs, especially in the longer term. The rapid integration of the global economy, combined with advances in technology, is creating unprecedented global prosperity, which has helped to life millions out of poverty. With the correct policies put into place, many millions more stand to benefit in the years ahead. CONCLUSION We have seen that poor countries that are able to increase their participation in the global economy have higher growth rates, faster poverty reduction, and more rapid increases in education. It is vital that poor countries are able to integrate into the world economy in ways that reduce, not increase, inequality and poverty. Reform of global institutions have a key part to play in this. However, the first and perhaps most important step for globalisation to benefit all in the future is for rich countries to open their protected markets to the poor, which should help to reduce world poverty and inequality. Poor countries with around 3 billion people have broken into the global market for manufactured goods and services. Whereas 20 years ago most exports from developing countries were primary commodities, now manufactured goods and services dominate. This successful integration has generally supported poverty reduction. Examples can be found in China, India, Bangladesh and Vietnam. The new globalisers have experienced large-scale poverty reduction; during the 1990s the number of their people who were poor declined by 120 million. Integration would not have been feasible without a wide range of domestic reforms covering governance, the investment climate, and social service provision. But it also required international action, which provided access to foreign markets, technology and aid. One of the most disturbing global trends of the past 2 decades is that countries with around 2 billion people are in danger of becoming marginal to the world economy. Incomes in these countries have been falling, poverty has been rising, and they participate less in trade today than they did 20 years ago. It is easy to see that globalisation is not a force that can be ignored. It is all around us, in every aspect of our lives. Within countries, globalisation has not, on average, affected inequality. The rapid growth in the new globalisers can be a political opportunity for redistribution policies that favour the poor. Promoting education, particularly for poor people, is equalising, improves health standards and enhances the productivity growth that is the main engine of poverty reduction. There will, however, without a doubt, be winners and losers in each society. Good social protection policies can be a key factor in helping people prosper in this more dynamic environment. It appears that the solution to the problems, that especially countries such as China and Africa seem to be facing, is not the halting of the globalisation process, but the opposite. The expansion of free trade to include the developing countries in Africa and China and elsewhere It appears that these countries are not poor because of globalisation, but in large part because this globalisation has passed them by. The road ahead seems not to lie in the reduction, or remodelling of globalisation but the expansion thereof, and expansion to include the areas in the world which globalisation has so far been passing by. The 49 least developed countries account for nearly 11% of the worlds population, but only 0. 4% of the worlds exports and that small percentage has been falling. Wage levels differ between countries according to the levels of education and productivity. The experience in countries like Korea is that as countries develop, their wage levels rise and the focus of their industry shifts from labour intensive to more capital and knowledge intensive industries. Globalisation creates unprecedented new opportunities and risks. If the poorest countries can be drawn into the global economy and get increasing access to modern knowledge and technology, it could lead to a rapid reduction in global poverty as well as bringing new trade and investment opportunities for all. But if this is not done, the poorest countries will become more marginalised, and suffering and division will grow. In order to make globalisation work for the poor we need not just strong and vibrant private sectors, but also effective governments and strong and reformed international institutions. Governments and institutions need to work collectively to tackle the problems of conflict and corruption, boost investment in education and health, spread the benefits of technology and research, strengthen the international financial system, reduce barriers to trade, tackle environmental problems and make development assistance more effective. It is clear that openness is a necessary but not sufficient condition for prosperity. No developed country is closed. The poor countries that have been most successful in closing the gap are those which have opened up their economies to world markets in order to build strong export sectors and attract inward investment. However, the majority believes that the future of Globalisation is bright. Even September was a remarkable positive month, especially in the US. The country has recently signed new agreements with Jordan and Vietnam; and negotiations to bring China into the World Trade Organisation look close to a deal. The new trade rounds at Doha promise to deliver liberalisation of agricultural markets, allowing less developed countries the chance to gain a share of these markets and profit accordingly. A breakthrough at Doha just as the world economy appears to be entering its worst slowdown in a generation could be a hugely symbolic victory for those proposing further trade liberalisation. Globalisation in the future is inevitable. However, it is agreed on all accounts that in order for it to benefit as many people as possible, changes must be made. Those institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, as well as individual governments, must all make vital changes in order to better prospects for everyone in the future. To conclude, global economic integration has supported poverty reduction and should not be reversed. But the world economy could be and should be much more inclusive. The growth of global markets must not continue to bypass 2 billion people. The rich countries can do a lot, both through aid and trade policies, to help the currently marginalised countries onto the path of integration that has already proved to effective for the new globalisers. BIBLIOGRAPHY CAFOD Briefing  www.globalisationguide.org

Analysing the Plot and Sub Plot of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay

Analysing the Plot and Sub Plot of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen As another year goes by I am now writing a piece of coursework for AS drama, this particular piece will be about a not so well known play called ‘A dolls house, written by Henrik Ibsen. In particular I will by studying carefully and analysing the plot and subplot of the play. The play was wrote in the 1800’s and was first performed in Copenhagen during the winter of 1879. Most of Ibsens plays were based around the issues during that era, as was a dolls house covering forgery, feminism, freedom, independence, love?, stereotypes, and duty all in the main plot. The subplot covered issues like; loneliness, widowed, manipulation, deception/secrets and the new woman. To convey the issues there where two characters in the main plot, these were Nora and Torvald (the husband and wife living in the â€Å"dolls house†. As the story unravels we discover many different things but we also find out that Nora is in every scene to show how she has adapted to living her lifestyle and how she is slowly moving out of it and into another. Torvald is also in most scenes but always seems to be in his office hard at work trying to earn money for Nora and the family, as most families would be in this century. Then there are two other characters running the subplot these are Mrs Linde and Krogstad both of these convey how Nora’s life could be if she were to separate from he husband, Torvald, showing how hard it is to be a part of society. Mrs Linde feels that Nora leads the perfect lifestyle with a happy family where as Nora feels that Mrs Linde has the better lifestyle, being free. The features of the subplot are shown via the main plot, this is to show a variety o... ...bsen had to re-write the play with an alternate ending, as they did not want to show that women can be more powerful than men. The ending was that Nora broke down in tears and stayed after Torvald forcing her to see her children. The normal ending was described as an act of barbarous violence. Through researching and thoroughly studying the play act by act I have learnt that not only was the subplot just as important as the main plot but how they were run through each other and the impact it had. I also gathered more information on what life was like during the 1800’s and how controlling the male was over the female during them times. The play also gave a great insight to how widowed and/or single adults were treated back in them days. So if you ever read the play I hope you enjoy it as much as I did and get a good understanding of all the key issues.

Ama, Learning Essay

In this essay, the learning cure theory will be discussed, and also applying to L+H fashion limited (L+H) which will benefit by using the learning curve. In the last section, the limitation of learning curve will also be discussed. Part A (i) Introduction for learning curve theory Learning curve is a concept that measuring the experience of a skill gained by an organization, and how fast it can be master. As the experience gained, the workers performance will be improve, time taken will be decrease, and therefore the productivity will grow up. Also, according to Steven (2010), learning curve is a significant technique for management to predict the time needed for the future task (p. 1). It can also be useful for the several areas, for instance, making a pricing or budgeting decision, estimate the wages cost and planning schedule of work. In addition, learning curve is based on the task doing by human and must be in repetition. And Steven (2010) point out that the learning curve doesn’t help to reduce cost, it only occurs when the management take action. Introduction for the organization. In the following section, the learning curve theory will be apply to L+H Fashion Limited (L+H), they are manufacturing of knitwear which is 100% hand made and also made in Hong Kong, from design, product development, knitting, linking, stitching, labeling to packaging. (ii) Introduction First of all, the learning curve can be applied in L+H since there are many procedures is doing by human and those procedures will unchanged because of L+H is only produce the knitwear, also those procedure are in repetition. Such as stitching, the workers have to stitch up those parts of the knitwear by hand. In this situation, the learning curve can be apply, because if the worker stitching the first knitwear, it will spend more time to find out the way. Move to the second one, the worker will more confidence and faster to stitch it, in repetition the task, the worker can be more efficiency. Furthermore, since they would like to be a high fashion brand in Hong Kong, and providing high quality knitwear to the other high fashion brand, so they are now considering should they accept the new contract, build up their own brand or both. The learning curve can be use to helping them to consider the budgeting, pricing, detecting the design bugs, future operation decisions and determine the human resourse. Budgeting In this case, if the learning affects taken into L+H, it is easily for them to evaluate the rate of learning and the time reduction. It can provide a reliable standard to measuring the actual performance of the product line. Therefore, the management can obtain the most near information, giving them a forecast of revenues and expenditures. Thus, they can evaluate their performance, and control the waste from error, setting the budgeted goal. Beside the goals set by the learning effect is more motivation for the workers. Such as production budgeting, they can estimate the production unit to meet the budgeted goal. Since they would like to provide the knitwear to the new contract, they can forecast the cost, human resources and material need for the new contract. They should use learning curve, because the simple analysis will ignored the learning effect, so that the performance may underestimate. It can also help to set a standard for guiding the workers, use to  make sure the quality of knitwear, control the cost and to establish the bonus plan. So that the management can confirm the knitwear having a high quality to fulfill their goal that being a high fashion brand. They can also estimate the product cost, since the cost is foremost element for pricing decision To conclude, it can help L + H for budgeting, since it can give them a accuracy forecasting, to let them set up a budgeted goal to motivate the workers, to measure their performance more exact, and the management can use to set out a guide to standard the task. Pricing It can help in pricing strategic. Since the learning curve can be determine the cost, manpower for the task and predict time of the whole project. For instance, the procedures of knitwear are made by the workers, so that the labor costs become significant factor. They can foresee how much for the labor cost before they accept the contract. Also the material cost. In addition, when the production increase and the cost will be drop down, they can sell the knitwear at a lower price, and attracting the new customers choosing L+H and to gain the market share at the high fashion cycle. So that they can produce more knitwear and the cost will be further decrease. To summaries of the pricing, it is helpful for them to making price decision, use to having a lower price which is attracting the new customers. Decision making – future operational Thirdly, it can help management to making decision for future operation by using the data provide by learning effect. L+H can consider should they provide the knitwear to the other brand or build up their own brand. Because the resources are limited, they can find out the most profitable future operation decision. In additional, they can also consider should they provide training course to the worker, to make the procedure become more efficient. Furthermore, they can plan to make advertising or giving discount to the customer, because they become more efficient and the cost will be deduced, so that they can have more budgets. And this action can make them become more famous and attract the new customers. In concluding of this part, it is useful for them to find out the business orientation which is most benefit for them, and the future action should be making. Detected the designed bugs  Moreover, they can find out the designed bugs and correct it immediate. Since the L + H will do the task repetition, so that there are more product produce with the same equipment. The designer can seek out the insufficient of the design of knitwear. It is help to devolve their product and make it more perfect. Moreover, it can help to reduce the waste of error and also to reduce the labor hours since they can find out which part is wasting resources and to redesign the knitwear. Thus, they can know how to use the lower cost to make the better knitwear. To sum up, since the designed bugs can be detected, they can prevent the waste of material, time and the labor hours. Also it can used to improve their product. Determining human resourses For determining the human resourses, as L+H become more efficient, the management can reassign the manpower, eliminate the unnecessary task or recruit additional worker. So that they can ensure the contract can be finish on time and the quality won’t be affect even they have to produce more knitwear. At the same time, the human resourses can be use in the best way. It can also help to plan the schedule of work to hit the production target, and forecast of the date of delivery. A round up of this part, the human resourse can be reallocate, and it is useful for cost saving. Part B Limitations Firstly, there is an assumption of learning curve that the production must be continues less of significant impediment. In case of the impediment occur the learning curve will be change. For example, when the entity employed a new worker to participate the activity, because of the learning curve performed by the experienced staff, the new worker will not be subject to learning curve. Secondly, any change of the learning environment such as design, the supply level and quality of materials, employee’s morale and people attribution, will affect the learning curve. For instance, the upgrade of facilities may affect the knowledge of the worker, their productivity may drop down, so the learning curve may obsolete. Also, since learning curve is based on the time of producing, nevertheless it is hardly to ensure the real data obtain for the calculation, so that the management expectation may be wrong. The company culture may also influence the learning curve, such as the bonus for workers, working hours per day. For example, the worker zeal of the task will decrease when the job nearly end, it will make the curve drop down. In additional, difference people having difference absorptive capacity, so that the time of finishing task will be difference. Lack of consistence is fail to meeting target which is decision by learning curve theory. Last but not least, the learning curve need the task is in repetition, if the task is not repetitive the learning curve cannot be applied. To conclude of the whole essay, the learning curve is a tool for management making decision and to become more efficiency to reach the goal. Also, the learning curve can be use in many ways. In part A (ii), discussed in the application of learning curve in L+H, they can use it for budgeting – helping them to set out the company goal and guidance, pricing – to having a lower price to increase their price competitiveness, decision making – to decide the most profitable general direction, detect the design error – to make the design become more perfect and determine the human resourse – to use the manpower most efficient. So that they can seek out the best way to continues their business. In the next part, the limitations of learning curve are discussed. There are six limitations have been probe, the learning curve is lack of continuity, there shouldn’t have any change of learning environment, the difficulty of obtaining the information, the company culture, human learning ability and the repetition of task. Reference List 1. Steven, Grahame, (1999) ‘The learning curve: from aircraft to spacecraft? ’ Management Accounting, May 1999 2. http://secure. gslb. cimaglobal. com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/ma_may_99_p64-65. pdf [assessed 01. 11. 2012] 3. Steven, Grahame, (2010) ‘The learning curve: The key to future management? ’ Research executive summary series, 6(12) 4. Steven, Grahame, (2004b) ‘Steep in history’ CIMA Insider, Jul/Aug. , pp. 23-24 5. Steven, Grahame, (2004a) ‘A minor departure’ CIMA Insider, Sep. , pp. 24 6. L+H Fashion Limited http://www. lplush. com/LplusH. html [assessed 01. 11. 2012].

Dbq- Scientific Revolution

DBQ – The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution of the sixteen and seventeenth century were affected greatly from the contributions of the opposing voice and ideas of the Church and their disagreement with the uprising of scientific studies. Despite the rejection from the Church, the Scientific Revolution was heavily influenced by those in society who felt differently, and believed the benefits the Scientific Revolution would bring. This view however, was unequally agreed in when it came to the view of it politically.Still during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, religious and the Church played a great role in the ways of people. Till the time of the Scientific Revolution, many things were not questioned, but once scientists began to question the traditional beliefs, many people of the church were outraged and spoke openly against it. Even people like Copernicus, who was the great contributor to the heliocentric idea, denied himself and submitted to the church e ven dedicating a part of his book to Pope III which showed his fear and actions in pleasing the pope to avoid condemnation. doc. 1) His situation greatly exemplified how the Scientific Revolution although was growing but many times stunted because of fear from the disapproval from the Church. Italian monk Giovanni Ciampoli also expressed his disapproval in a letter to Galileo stating with much urgency that the nature of the world should just be left alone for the Scripture to explain it and that man should not go about their ways to reason why. (doc. 3) Similar to Copernicus, Walter Charleton a English doctor and natural philosopher who studied the balance of science and religious.He makes it clear that science is only possible with religion. Although he does not completely push the idea of scientific studies, he does believe it is only possible with the power of God. (doc. 8) The conclusion as you interpret out of Charleton is that no matter what man upholds through science or idea s are not sufficient enough to differ or oppose what God determines it to be. The views of secular people and society also bought about significant influence upon the Scientific Revolution, but just on the other side of the scale.Francis Bacon, a English philosopher of science made it evident in his advocacy of science. In fact, in the document, he expresses his eagerness of the goal people need to bring achievement in human society. (doc. 4) The document shows that despite the lack of support from the church was given, many people chose to stray away tradition and venture out into new ideas. Another document that poses the same suggestion as Bacon as to improving the community of scientific studies was that of Henry Oldenbury, Secretary of the English Royal Society in his letter to Johannes Hevelius.Oldenbury emphasizes the need in cooperation, and that scientists shouldn’t just focus on one’s study, put into consideration with the studies of others to develop the edu cation of science. (doc. 6) Oldenbury in saying â€Å"friendship among learned men is a great aid to the investigation and elucidation of the truth† only shows him hinting that a society of scientist should be raised. Both Bacon and Oldenbury were men during the seventeenth century who viewed science as a way to improve and enhance society, but others had a different view.Margaret Cavendish’s Observations on Experimental, shows her demand in questioning why women were not allowed to be a part of the revolution and contribute as men could, and her willingness in building upon the study of natural philosophy of women if she were allowed. (doc. 9) Her partake show’s that the influences of the Scientific Revolution did not solely come from different men of different social communities, but it had even spread to the other gender, which shows involvement. Political figures serve as a voice and power of the people in their society. In this case, politics took a great p art in the uprise of the Scientific Revolution.Document 5 is a letter from French monk Marin Mersenne to his noble patron in which he asks for the approval of his patron on his statements based on his experiments. His letter expresses a sense of meekness and humbleness Mersenne has for his patrons. He feels pressure in doing things correctly for his patrons, and is hindered from sharing what he has experimented on without winning the approval from his patrons. The power of political figures still remained throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth century, which from this document, shows how some studies were hindered because of the political authority.Political influences on scientific studies included personal beliefs on how scientific research should be controlled and suppressed. Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher believed that any scientific findings that would interfere with the authority of rulers should be rid of. (doc. 7) Hobbes, a strong believer in an absolute monarch emp hasized the power of rulers to overpower the research of scientists. Unlike other documents, the depiction of the drawing that commemorated Louis XIV’s visit to the French Royal Academy, although not a very reliable source still portrayed how Louis XIV’s support in the scientific studies.Since a ruler takes up such a huge part in a country, the people of the country, in this case France, would naturally follow in the steps of their ruler. Louis XIV from this painting would’ve initiated a message that showed The work of scientists were affected by religious, social, and political ideas and influences in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. All these affected in ways that encouraged the study of science, while others felt that all scientific research should be stopped and suppressed.

Janis Joplins Porsche essays

Janis Joplin's Porsche essays Janis Lyn Joplin was born on January 19, 1943 and died in October 1970. She climbed to the peak of her success during the 60s, a time of chaos, revolution and excitement. It was a turbulent an colorful period of social change in the country, where America was ripped between those who died for war and those who carved for peace. An era of baby boomers, drugs and rebellions, young adults fought for their beliefs and views to be heard in the society. They expressed themselves through rallies, uprisings and music. Janis Joplin expressed her opinions through her music and her 1965 Porsche that Dave Richards painted for her. Her car represented symbols that both defined her as an individual and the period in which she lived in. When looking at the car, one is mesmerized be the bright colors and the great details that can be seen. Dave Richards used vivid colors like yellow, orange, pink and turquoise. The cars hood has varieties of butterflies and small blue flowers (might be Forget-Me-Nots flowers). In the middle front, there are two faces, one looking to the right and the other to the left. In the middle of the two faces, there is an eye looking straight ahead. It is a gods-eye symbol that the band has identified with. On the right side of the front of the car, there is an image thats very hard to make out. It might be a womans body with veins running through it or thin rivers of blood. On the front left fender there is a Big Brother portrait. On the left side of the car, there are little brown shapes. The impression that some may get is that it is a wall. On the same side of the car, there are drawings of mushrooms. In addition, theres a drawing of people in love. On the back, theres a U.S flag with stains of red paint on it as well as two faces united with a rainbow. Richards also painted a sun face with the Capricorn symbol on it and a letter J. On the right side of the car, t...

5 Errors in Noun-Verb Agreement

5 Errors in Noun-Verb Agreement 5 Errors in Noun-Verb Agreement 5 Errors in Noun-Verb Agreement By Mark Nichol As shown in the examples below, when writers craft sentences with more than one noun or pronoun in the subject, they sometimes misidentify the key noun or pronoun and assign the wrong verb form to it. Discussion and revision in each sentence describes and solves the problem. 1. â€Å"Five days are too short for a vacation.† The singular form of the verb â€Å"to be,† rather than the plural form, is appropriate here because of the context- the writer is referring to a collective unit of time consisting of five days, not to five units of time consisting of a day each: â€Å"Five days is too short for a vacation.† 2. Which of the following statements best describe your situation? The verb in this sentence refers not to statements but to one of several statements- represented by the pronoun which- each of which is, in turn, being contemplated on its own, so the verb form should be singular: â€Å"Which of the following statements best describes your situation?† 3. Each of the top five priorities identified this year are technology related.   Just as in the previous example, the first word in this sentence is a place-holder representing one priority. The five priorities are being considered in isolation, one at a time, so a singular verb is appropriate: â€Å"Each of the top five priorities identified this year is technology related.† 4. We believe that a diversity among people and perspectives create high-performing organizations. Diversity, not the combination of â€Å"people and perspectives,† is the operative noun here, so the verb form should be singular: â€Å"We believe that a diversity among people and perspectives creates high-performing organizations.† 5. A combination of these factors, along with a number of wider digital transformation and economic trends, have focused attention on regulatory technology as a topic. Combination, not factors, is the noun that the helping verb is associated with (and the parenthetical phrase located between factors and the verb is irrelevant to the verb form): â€Å"A combination of these factors, along with a number of wider digital transformation and economic trends, has focused attention on regulatory technology as a topic.† Some people may disagree, arguing that combination, like descriptive words such as couple, majority, and variety, calls for notional agreement (or notional concord), in which plural nouns that modifying phrases that include collective nouns are associated with, rather than the collective nouns themselves, are considered the â€Å"target† of the verb. However, usage strongly favors singular concord, in which the verb concords, or agrees, with the collective noun (the â€Å"notion†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingDeck the HallsUses of the Past Participle

Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Exercise - Essay Example He says that what you consume is vital but what it emanates down to is how much you eat. Thus it is good to eat like the French do, they are the healthiest groups of people yet they have a number of the worst diets worldwide. And lastly, an individual is at an advantage consuming whole fresh foods instead of food products that have been processed. He wants his readers be aware that they should not just eat any food and should be aware that even some low-fat foods have been confirmed that they do not work. Therefore: one should be familiar with the ingredients in the food they consume; eat frequently plants; cook for yourself; pay extra for nutritious diets and eat less; and Eat like an omnivore and like the French. He also insists that people should keep off from supermarkets and eat real stuff that do not have health assertions (POLLAN, 2007). In his article, Pollen seems to answer the question on: whether are there more nutrients in foods that have been manufactured and are claiming to be nutritious than in natural foods?; And how sure are we that these studies on diets that claim certain foods to have nutrients have more benefits than harms to our health? His main idea is on nutritionism. He examines the effect nutritionism has on human beings. He does this through his explanation of how a political mix-up has made companies assert that their produce is healthy. This political mix-up is denoting to a situation where George McGovern contradicted himself on the matters concerning particular nutrient. He said publicly how the nutrient was unhealthy, and later he comes with an opposite opinion of his previous statements. Through this pollen paints an image that nutritionism is good for food companies and marketers but it is not good for human beings. He claims that human beings are contented to receive updates that they should consume more of one thing rather than another; we

Strategic Marketing Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Marketing Managment - Essay Example Reebok began as an athletic shoe brand for the women’s aerobics segment because it had substantive consumer insights about the women segment. However, Reebok then changed its positioning strategy and it is now positioned as a lifestyle shoe demanded by several youth markets. The most important reason behind this change in positioning strategy was the marketing research that enabled Reebok to identify and analyse the scope of targeting new groups. Reebok managers had understood that a strong gap exists in the market of teenagers and young adults (youths), where there has been a never-ending demand of lifestyle footwear, apparel and accessories. For instance, Reebok marketers were also aware of the fact that their customers have inclination towards fitness and training, which could be met if they are offered premium quality fitness shoe brands and other supporting products. In this way, Reebok initiated a business expansion plan and launched its new positioning campaign to creat e awareness about company’s expanded product portfolio among Reebok‘s women, men and classics segments. In this way, Reebok enhanced its growth in the United States, North American and Europe markets. Distribution channel members (especially retailers) also played their vital role in positioning of Reebok’s products in the minds of end-users. ... In other words, a market could be divided into segments comprising customers with differences in ages, lifestyle, attitudes, behaviours, norms, standards, desires, income, education, marital status, religion, language, customs and traditions etc. Segmentation is an inevitable part of marketing strategy because it directly impacts marketing mix planning. Reebok has divided its market into 3 core segments that include Reebok men’s, women’s and classics. The sub-segments include Young adults (age 14 – 24 years), adults (age 25 – 40 years), middle-aged (age 40 – 55 years) and seniors (age 56 years and above). In addition, the customers are also divided into middle – middle, upper – middle and elite social classes to increase market reach and sales revenue. Indeed, the shoe-maker which has now become a part of Adidas group targets initially targeted women by coming up with a comprehensive idea of ‘women’s fitness with funâ€⠄¢ to enhance its credibility among women customers. The group reinforced its ideas regarding women’s fitness during 2009 and 2010 when it launched EasyTone, RunTone and TrainTone collections followed by launch of new women’s programmes and partnerships. The second core segment is known as Reebok’s men and the marketers target male customers. The company has established cordial ties with â€Å" world’s top athletes, professional leagues and teamsâ€Å" because these are opinion leaders and they facilitates in brand positioning and building consumer mindsets. This segment has immense potential because of natural inclination of a large majority of males in outdoor sports, athletic ventures, sporting and fitness activities. ReeZig and

Operations Management At BMW Mini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management At BMW Mini - Essay Example Multistage and single-stage production systems that have a supply chain flexibility are based on multiple production sites with dependency on how the firm’s allocation of products and resources to various sites. Formalization of BMW’s strategic planning process, as well as interfaces across strategic load planning, defines the firm’s partial strategies. BMW has rigid location strategies, allocation strategies, flexibility and capacity strategies, and make-or-buy strategies. The characteristics of such strategies are critical to impacting premium car manufacturing, unlike mass product manufacturers (Riesenbeck & Perrey, 2009, p 156). For example, the determination of location strategy means that BMW should consider the availability of qualified personnel in foreign countries and positive impact on the production image of Germany. Determination of the allocation strategy is based on BMW’s goal to make highly customized cars based on orders and requires more flexible assembly lines to be used for any product within the plant. The direction of BMW’s sustainability strategy is based in the global focus on international markets. Involvement of all management board members schedules planning processes for sustainability and convenes diverse interest and assessments of the company’s progress. Responsibility for the operative implementation includes evaluation of measures among individual company divisions and the focus of the sustainability circle. The implication is that there are representations on sustainable business operations and environment responsiveness. The responsibilities of the institution include evaluation and identification of opportunities and risks relating to sustainability. The concept also oversees continued product enhancement in terms of sustainability strategies (Lussier, 2011, p 78). The firm’s performance refers to sustainability

Joining the Leader in Death Phenomenon Essay Example for Free

Joining the Leader in Death Phenomenon Essay 1. Introduction History is replete with incidences of group or mass self inflicted deaths following the demise of powerful leaders. In such instances followers, in varying numbers, chose to die, of their own will, either after or on foreseeing the death of their leader. While group or mass deaths of this nature have occurred at historically different times in dissimilar cultures and globally diverse locations, and have been appropriately recorded in historical documents, the evolution of anthropological studies in the last century has led to significant research into the subject. Researchers have delved into the traditions, social customs, mores, behavioral motivators and demotivators of people of different civilizations and regions to locate commonality and establish reasons for this kind of uncommon, if not deviant behavior. These studies have become increasingly relevant in the current social and religious scenario where instances of mass suicides have occurred in cults, involving hundreds of members, who, along with their leaders, have chosen to die painful and self inflicted deaths for illogical, inexplicable and emotional reasons. The Jonestown suicides of 1978 and the deaths of the members of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God in 2000 were particularly tragic and gruesome episodes, in which hundreds of people along with their leaders, died. It is evident that such irrational tendencies still exist, even in advanced western societies. Anthropologists and historians firmly believe that serious and detailed investigation into such incidents, with particular emphasis upon the then prevailing social, environmental, political, economic, and historical conditions, could well provide clues to the reasons behind such uncommon behavior and help in preventing such tragedies in future. (Wessinger, 2000) This paper aims to examine the historical precedents of such incidents and takes up one particular incident for detailed social and anthropological analysis. 2. Historical Overview Psychiatrists commonly think of potentially suicidal people to be unhappy about their current physical and emotional situation and undecided about the path to be followed to resolve the crisis. Suicide is resorted to as a simple and easy solution to their problems and plays the role of a convenient exit. Individual suicides accompanied or preceded by such reasoning is exceedingly common, and though tragic, is, in a number of societies, a routine occurrence among disturbed and underprivileged people. Its incidence, in the developed nations, is still high in certain segments like mentally ill individuals, prisoners, prostitutes, drug addicts and HIV patients. Mass or group suicides following the death or defeat of a leader, while being far more uncommon than individual suicides, have, nevertheless occurred on a number of occasions, more particularly so in specific cultures. While historical instances of groups of people joining their leaders in death, have occurred periodically there is very little to connect these disparate incidents apart from defeat and dishonor in war and, in the case of women, the desire to avoid consequent rape and molestation. During the closing years of the 2nd century BCE, the Teutons, after a series of bloody battles were defeated by the Roman General Gaius Marius, (in 102 BCE), near Aix-en-Provence, and their leader Teutobod captured. The captured women, thinking their king dead and certain of being ravaged by Roman soldiers committed suicide. Ironically the Teutons were the cause of a similar episode in 1336 at the siege of Pilena. The defenders, besieged by the marauding Teutons, joined their leader, Duke Marqueris in death when they realized that the battle was lost. The defenders set the castle on fire and committed mass suicide along with their leader rather than be captured by the invaders. (Purkiss, 1996) In India, both men and women of the warrior classes of the Indian region of Rajasthan have traditionally adopted to commit suicide after the death of their leader. Women, especially, the wives and concubines of the king have, until recent times followed the ancient tradition of immolating themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands. The custom, known as Sati, while illegal, is still followed in particularly backward areas of the region. Chittor, now an abandoned fortress in West India became famous because of three separate incidents in which hundreds of men and women killed themselves after the death of their leader. Chittor has been overcome thrice and each time the outcome was Jauhar, when women along with their children immolated themselves on huge funeral pyres on the death or capture of their leader, while the men, wearing ochre robes attacked the enemy and faced certain death. Alauddin Khilji overpowered Chittor in 1303 A. D. , overcome by an obsessive longing to own the regal beauty, queen Padmini. Myth has it, that he saw her face in the reflection of a mirror and was struck by her gripping exquisiteness. The queen, along with her attendants, however chose to follow her dead king rather than accept the invaders proposition jumped on to a huge funeral pyre lit in the middle of the castle and burned to death. In 1533 A. D. , during the rule of Bikramjeet, Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, attacked Chittor and once more Karnavati, the then queen, along with more than a hundred women preferred to die following the death of the ruler. The final episode occurred more than 30 years later when the Mughal emperor Akbar attacked the fortress. In Rajasthan such incidences of joining the leader in death had certain particular features. Episodes necessarily commenced with the siege of a force by an invading army and ended in mass death only if the invading army was successful. Once it was certain that the war was lost and the king was dead or would certainly die the warriors and their wives decided to end their lives, the men through suicidal attacks on the enemy and the women by leaping into enormous funeral pyres. The women were led in this effort by the queen of the fortress. It is important to understand that this practice was restricted only to the warrior classes and did not extend to the priests, the traders, the farmers or the other classes. Tales of invading armies entering deserted and lifeless stories are apocryphal and baseless as warriors and their families did not account for more than a quarter of the total population of a city. It also needs to be pointed out that acts like these had very little mythical precedent and ancient Hindu scriptures, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, do not contain any such incidents. Incidentally the opposite appears to be more true and there are various instances in the Ramayana of the wife of the King choosing to marry the invader after the defeat and death of her husband. (Harlan, 2003) This paper attempts to recreate the social and cultural scenario within the fort when Queen Padmini and hundreds of other men and women chose to die after the death of the King Rawal Ratan and the fall of Chittor. The following section on Chittor is written in the present tense and from the perspective of an active observer of the complete episode. 3. Chittor a. Society Chittor, today, (in the early fourteenth century), is one of the many Hindu kingdoms that dot the desert plains of Rajasthan in the North West region of the Indian subcontinent. Orthodox Hinduism, over the first ten centuries of period that commenced after the birth of Jesus Christ, has succeeded in eliminating Buddhism from the land of its birth only to see it replaced by an aggressive Islam beating at its doors with unabated fury. Waves of Islamic soldiers have lashed at the borders of the Indian states for the last five hundred years until the establishment of Islamic rule at Delhi. Despite Islamic sovereignty a number of small Hindu kingdoms continue to exist, mostly in the west and south, often waging protracted battles with the rulers of Delhi. While a certain amount of integration between Hindus and Muslims has taken place with time, it is still too early for any such constructive rapprochement to occur in Chittor. Years of siege, first from an ever expanding Buddhism, and then from a militant Islam, has made structured Hindu society insular, orthodox and inward looking. The caste system has become rigid and religious laws and rules govern every aspect of society. Hindus are prohibited from marrying outside their castes and even the glimpse of a Muslim is considered sacrilege, requiring inflexible and strict penance. The Muslim practice of†purdah† has been adopted comprehensively by the Hindus, ironically to protect Hindu women from male Muslim eyes and women remain indoors most of the time. While every city has its share of courtesans, women do not work. They are deprived of economic or political power, being content to be glorified as mothers, sisters and wives. Society is structured into four main castes, the priests, warriors, traders and lower classes. Political and military power lies with the warriors and to a certain extent with the priesthood who are consulted by the kings and nobles before important decisions. The traders, despite their lower status, are economically powerful and kept in good humor by both the nobles and the priests. The warriors are bound by a strict code of honor, which in fact has been the main causal factor behind hundreds of members of the warrior community choosing to die after defeat in battle and the death of their leader. b. Politics and Religion Chittor, in the early years of the fourteenth century is one of the smaller Hindu kingdoms resisting the Islamic emperors occupying the throne at Delhi. The warrior classes of Chittor trace their lineage for centuries and, apart from being engaged in ongoing strife with the Delhi throne, constantly wag war against the other Hindu kings in the region. It is also not uncommon for Hindu kings to form alliances with the Muslim emperor and wage war against each other. The political scenario is extremely fluid, (much like medieval Europe), and with numerous kings and noble existing in uneasy alliances, war often breaks out over trivial reasons. While the official religion of the Delhi court is Islam, and correspondence is usually in Arabic, migration of traders, artisans and workers ensure that Hindus and Muslims coexist, albeit with a certain amount of resentment and antagonism. Sati, the practice of self immolation by women on the death of their husbands, is a common practice in Hindu states. The practice is prevalent more among the priestly and martial classes and is practically absent in the other castes and the aboriginals. The prevalence of Sati among the priests and warriors is due to the traditionally inferior status of women and their uselessness to society in the absence of child bearing potential. As such while wives are looked upon as necessary because of their capacity to bear children, widows are thought to be non contributing burdens. (Harlan, 2003) A widows unwanted status is also because of religious taboos that prevent her from participating in domestic chores as her touch, her voice, and even her appearance is thought unholy, impure and to be shunned and abhorred. The sanctification of virginity in brides also makes it practically impossible for them to remarry after the death of their husbands. As such the practice of immolation is an extreme but logical outcome of these circumstances. The priests and the warrior classes of Rajasthan have also perpetrated the tradition by providing it with a halo of honor and deifying women who chose to take this route. The episode that occurred in Chittor before my eyes in the early years of this century (the 1300s) and involved hundreds of men and women joining their leader in death needs to be analyzed in light of the existing social and political environment in order to obtain an appropriate perspective. c. Joining the Leader in Death The ruler of Chittor, Rana Rawal Ratan married the young Padmini, the daughter of a Rajasthani prince, when he was in his early teens, and she was yet to enter her adolescence. In accordance with existing tradition the bride continued to live in her paternal home until she reached puberty and Rawal Ratan brought her to Chittor with much fanfare on her fourteenth birthday. Padmini was an acknowledged beauty and became a much appreciated princess as she grew up, known in princely circles for her exquisite looks, aristocratic breeding and regal demeanor. When Rawal Ratan succeeded to the throne of Chittor in the closing years of the thirteenth century she took her place by his side in an extravagant ceremony attended by princes from all over India as well as nobles from the Delhi throne. It was this ceremony that led to further speculation and gossip about Queen Padmini and aroused the curiosity of Sultan Alauddin Khilji at Delhi. Rawal Ratan was known to be a fair and just king and, apart from his well known love for Padmini, was a patron of the arts. One of his court musicians, banished from Chittor because of his involvement in witchcraft, ingratiated himself with Alauddin Khilji, and persuading the Sultan of the ethereal beauty of the queen Padmini incited him to attack Chittor and take the queen for himself. On reaching Chittor, Alauddin found the fort to be heavily defended. Desperate to see the legendary queen he sent a missive to the King that he thought of Padmini as his sister and wished to make her acquaintance. While the unsuspecting king did not find any reason to doubt Alauddin’s intentions, the wiser queen refused to meet the sultan personally and instead agreed for him to see her reflection in a specially constructed mirror. The wily sultan came to the fort with his selected warriors, and after the meeting with the queen, managed to kidnap the king even as he was escorting them back to the gate. On the following day when the Chittor generals heard about the ransom demand, that of the hand of the queen for the sultan, in exchange for the safe release of the king, the Chittor generals went into a huddle, and with the assent of the queen, sent word that the queen would come to the sultan the next day along with a hundred and fifty attendants. At the crack of dawn the next morning a hundred and fifty palanquins, each carried by four strong men wound their way to Alauddin’s camp and stopped in front of the tent where the king was being held prisoner. As the sultan rejoiced a hundred and fifty armed men rushed out of the palanquins before his astonished eyes, freed the king and along with the bearers galloped back to Chittor on horses seized from the sultan’s stables. A furious Alauddin ordered his army to storm Chittor, Brutal resistance from the defenders of the fort led to the decision to lay siege to the fort, an operation that carried on for many months until dangerously low supplies forced the honor bound warriors to take a decision to storm the vastly larger sultan’s armies in what could only lead to certain death. The queen, who was party to all the confabulations, decided that as the army, led by her husband rode out to certain death, she, along with the wives of the warring soldiers and all the children would jump into a huge fire lit in the centre of the fort and end their lives, thus joining the king in death. Rawal Ratan and his warriors, though immensely saddened agreed to this to be the most fitting and honorable denouement. At the end of a brutal and bloody battle fought between the troops of the Delhi Sultanate and the suicidal warriors of Chittor, Alauddin entered the fort only to find the ashes of the queen and the wives of the warriors, a pyrrhic victory, if ever there was one. (Bose, 2000) 4. Conclusion The instance of Padmini, her female attendants and the wives of the warriors of Chittor, joining the leader in death has been chronicled a number of times by various historians for it to be reasonably accurate. While the case of male warriors following the leader into certain death has taken place on many occasions, instances of women dying en masse are rare, and occur because of specific historical and environmental reasons. Anthropologists feel that in most such cases the persona of the leader, his mesmeric hold over his followers, and the accompanying trauma and desolation felt at the death of the leader induce the followers to embrace death and join their leader. A number of instances, including the suicides of some of Hitler’s trusted generals, provide some evidence that the argument could hold some merit. In the case of Padmini while legend and myth continue to pay obeisance to her love for her husband, the mass deaths, especially of the attending ladies, necessarily needs to have a more significant historical and social reason. The decision to embrace mass death at the fall of the fort and the certain death of the king Rawal Ratan is most probably due to a number of reasons, chief among them being the prevalent practice of sati and the halo of honor that the act had acquired over the centuries. This halo of honor has to be seen in the light of the compulsions of Islamic rule in India during the medieval ages and is essentially logical and in accordance with social patterns and expectations. From the 13th century until the establishment of the British Empire, the position of women continued to remain insecure due to the arbitrary power structure associated with the feudal society, and the compulsions of perpetuating a male dominated inherently unequal society. Even though the Mughals tried to bring in a modicum of gender equality the subservient status of women continued to exist until the middle of the twentieth century. It was most probably this craving for honor, accompanied with a genuine fear of the treatment that the women would receive at the hands of the furious invading soldiers that tilted the scales in favor of the decision to embrace death to that of joining Alauddin’s harem. In any case the episode remains one of the more abiding instances of joining the leader in death phenomenon and continues to intrigue historians and anthropologists. Pages: 10 Word Count: 3000 References Bose, M. (Ed. ). (2000). Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India. New York: Oxford University Press. Harlan, L. (2003). The Goddesses Henchmen: Gender in Indian Hero Worship. New York: Oxford University Press. Its All the Raj; Travelindia. (2005, December 14). The Daily Mail (London, England), p. 45. Maaga, M. M. (1998). Hearing the Voices of Jonestown (1st ed. ). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Metcalf, B. (2005). David Chidester. Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown. Utopian Studies, 16(2), 335+. Purkiss, D. (1996). The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations. New York: Routledge. Wessinger, C. (2000). How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heavens Gate. New York: Seven Bridges Press.

Maintaining Healthy Relationships Essay -- Gender Studies Marriage Rel

Healthy Relationships Both partners should feel safe to share their thoughts without feeling that their partner will judge them. They should be able to communicate with one another without having any fear of judgement or ridicule. They should also help build their partners self-esteem and make them feel good about themselves regardless of the situation. They shall embrace one another and respect each other. In order for the couple to maintain a healthy and successful relationship, the couple should nurture open and honest communication, encourage the expression of feelings, and build self-esteem amongst each other. Communication is a significant component in a healthy and successful relationship. The three main successful parts to communication is verbal communication, physical communication, and mental communication. Verbal communication is the ability to carry out a successful conversation without any interruptions. For instance, when a couple argues, it should be over a justifiable reason and not over something minute. If the couple argues over little things that should have been resolved before the conversation even occurred, then their relationship will soon collapse or lead to greater difficulties in the future. Physical communication is the physical contact needed to nourish the partners needs. For example, if the wife comes home from work and is feeling stressed out or had a bad day, the husband should be there to comfort her. Giving comfort to your partner will let them know that you are concerned about their situation. Mental communication is the ability to connect with your partner on a mental basis and be able to notice what irritates them. For example, if the husband is doing something the wife does not lik... ...tinue losing the weight. Complimenting one another makes a relationship stronger. Healthy relationships tend to last long and are enjoyable for both partners involved. These factors which were communication, expression of feelings and building self-esteem that have been mentioned above were key aspects to building a healthier and successful relationship. If one of the partners does not include these factors into their relationship, then there will be nothing to hold it together. Both partners have to be willing to consider these ideas and have an open mind towards every situation. These matters will also improve a rocky relationship, if implied into a current relationship. They should treat the partner the way that they would want to be treated. If all are within a relationship then the couple should have no problem getting along and living a delightful life.

It Was Sheer Good Fortune That the Conservative Party in May 1955

â€Å"It was sheer good fortune that the Conservative Party were returned to office in May 1955. † Discuss. In the May 1955 General Election, the Conservatives won 344 seats, winning with an overall majority of 58; with Labour winning 277 and 3. 9% of votes were for Liberal and Others. It can be argued that the Conservatives were returned to office in 1955 due sheer good fortune. However, we must explore the other options as to why the Tory party won, particularly how the Conservative party looked against the opposition. In 1951, the economy was in turmoil.There was a balance of payments crisis which leads to a ? 700 million deficit. Also, countries started to buy imports from other countries outside of the UK, so Britain’s export market was damaged. However, by 1952, the government had recovered, and by 1954, Great Britain was flourishing; rationing was abolished, unemployment was reduced and it was the end of austerity and the start of the era of affluence. This is an example of good fortune because coincidently, Britain’s economy had fully recovered not long before the election.Also, due to the condition of the opposition, the Conservatives seemed like a stable government. There was a right-left split in Labour, between Gaitskell and Bevan. This showed that the Labour party was unorganised and could never lead the country properly as they wouldn’t be able to agree on important decisions. This is another example of how the Conservatives won through good fortune, as British citizens wanted consistency and efficiency, which was best displayed by the Tories. One month before the election, Churchill resigned. He was replaced by Mr.Eden, a popular replacement. He was the Foreign Secretary and a statesman; this had earned him a good reputation. This is an example of good fortune because the public liked Eden, and for him to become Prime Minister a month before the election due to Churchill’s resignation was good for Conservative p opularity. Other factors as to why the Conservatives were returned to office include the events that took place during the time when Churchill was Prime Minister. During Churchill’s time as Prime Minister, the Korean War ended – in 1953 to be exact.The public were happy about this because Britain couldn’t afford to be paying for a war. Therefore, this would leave Britons in the Conservatives favour, which would result in them being voted in again. Also, between 1951 and 1954, Arthur Macmillan, the Minister of Housing, was able to fulfil the ‘300,000’ houses a year pledge in 1953, a year early. This showed that the party was organised and were serious about their policies, which would have helped their popularity in the election because people would know that the Tory party were committed and would mean what they promised.The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth in 1953 was also significant because it lifted the mood of the electorate and brought about a fe eling of optimism. This would have raised Conservative support because the Coronation was during the time of a Conservative government. It can be argued that the reason the Conservatives were voted in again was that they worked hard on their campaign to attract the voters that were undecided on which party to vote for.They focused on their electoral appeal, and they were united and working together, where as Labour was not due to the split between the Bevians and the Gaitskillites. The Conservatives’ policies were also favourable. Butler’s 1955 Budget was appealing because it cut taxes considerably. The cuts included a 6d reduction in income tax plus higher personal allowances. Voters liked this because it means they do not have to pay as much money back to the government, and as humans we like to keep our money.Overall, when we take all the factors into consideration, the most important reason for the Conservatives returning to office in 1955 is that when compared to the Labour party, which was disunited due to the split between the right and the left wing members, the Conservatives seemed to be a reliable and consistent party. Their policies were good and the Housing pledge was proof that they are trustworthy. Above all, they were a well organised party that were able to focus on appealing to the electorate while Labour was held back by the state of the party.

Creation of the Whites Essay

The â€Å"Creation of the Whites† is a story about the whites coming over and slowly starting to colonize what they called the new world. This story shows the whites and the Native Americans being very peaceful towards each other. The whites ask permission to the Native Americans for about everything they do in the new world. Although the whites try to be respectful there are still signs that they consider their selves superior over the Native Americans. In this story it shows the whites coming over the sea and starting to eventually start colonizing the new world. They come over the first time and the Native Americans come up to see them but they leave on their, what the natives called house boat almost immediately. The next time the whites came they tried to talk to the Native Americans but they could not understand each other. The whites came back with more ships the next year and asked the Native Americans to come to shore and eventually did. The whites decided to leave ag ain shortly after they showed up. Then the whites came back again three months later and asked the Native Americans for some earth to fill a box and the natives gave it to them. The whites later came back and let the Native Americans know the ground is fertile. The whites then asked for some land to live on and the Native Americans gave them permission. The thing that amazes me most about this document set is how the Native Americans and whites get along so well. In later times in history the Native Americans and whites rarely got along as well as they did in this story. The whites seem to really respect the Native Americans for most of the story. They ask permission just to come to shore and put dirt in a box. Later on the whites also ask permission to use some of the Native American’s land. The stories that we hear from later times are of the whites pushing the Native Americans off there land without getting permission. The Native Americans give the whites everything they ask for which also surprises me a lot. The Native Americans have lived on the land for many years and it surprises me that they would give some of their land up to people who they thought were created out of sea foam. The Yuchis believed that their tribe originate d from the sun and the whites originated from sea foam. I understand that they don’t know much about the whites beliefs that they are they superior culture but I am still surprised the Native Americans would give up their land. The Native Americans were very generous to the whites. The whites  seemed to respect the Native Americans other than when they tested the land to see if it was fertile which may have shone a lack of trust. The Native Americans had been living on the land for many years and the whites could have easily trusted the Native Americans that the land was fertile. They even came back and told the Native Americans that their land was fertile. This shows part of the whites belief that they are the superior culture. The whites seemed to be very respectful throughout the story. They asked permission for everything they wanted to do. The only thing I saw the whites do that showed that they might of lacked trust in the Native Americans was test the ground to see if it was fertile. This story shows that the whites and th e Native Americans did not always have big conflicts.